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Making sense of the bioeconomy: a critical analysis of EU policy narratives and responses
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| A new study in Environmental Policy and Governance explores how the EU bioeconomy is framed through multiple policy narratives and interpreted by diverse stakeholders. The authors identify nine distinct narratives and argue that the bioeconomy functions as a flexible “boundary object” that enables collaboration across sectors, while also masking important tensions and trade-offs around sustainability, growth, and resource use. |
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Evaluating agricultural policies from space
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| This brief outlines the JRC work to exploit Earth Observation (EO) based policy indicators for evaluating agricultural policies, addressing data quality issues and the gap between EO data and policy needs. Indicators on crop diversity, crop rotation, cover crops, crop phenology, and grassland age could support the evaluation of key EU policies related to agriculture and land use (e.g. Common Agricultural Policy, LULUCF, Nature Restoration, Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming Regulation, as well as Soil Monitoring Directive). |
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Organic transition in EU agriculture
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This JRC study examines the impact of conversions from conventional to organic farming on environmental and economic outcomes in the European Union across main crops and livestock farming systems. It finds that organic farming conversions lead to significant reductions in fertiliser and plant protection product usage, as well as land re-allocation and increased farm net value added per annual work unit.
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R&I for alternative protein sources towards strategic autonomy and sustainability
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| This new report, from the SCAR Protein Task Force, takes stock of where European research and innovation on alternative proteins stands - and where it needs to go. The report covers the full value chain: breeding more resilient protein crops, improving processing technology, building fairer and more transparent supply chains, and understanding what it actually takes to shift consumer behaviour. |
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Global energy and climate outlook 2025
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This JRC report adopts a technology-specific view and assesses the extent of technology development that the world might achieve under currently legislated policies, as compared to the most ambitious global climate goals. It analyses the competitiveness of 15 key clean energy technologies, including biofuels and biogas, and highlights where and when policymakers can support these technologies, which are critical for mitigating climate change.
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Annual EU GHG inventory 1990-2024 and inventory document 2026
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According to official EU data sent to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the European Union's greenhouse gas emissions fell a further 3% between 2023 and 2024, bringing the EU’s total emission reductions to 40% below 1990 levels. On the other hand, forest net removals of carbon have weakened, mainly due to aging forests (lower annual increment), increased harvesting and climate impacts.
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The state of Europe’s forests 2025
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This report focuses on the condition, management, and use of forest resources across Europe. Based on harmonised data provided by Forest Europe signatory countries, it builds on internationally agreed indicators for sustainable forest management and reflects decades of pan-European cooperation.
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Advancing the transition to a sustainable, bio-based economy
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| In this textbook, expert authors use an interdisciplinary approach and outline the dimensions of the bioeconomy as a means of achieving sustainability in the food, feed, industrial products, bioenergy, and ecological services domains. Structured into six parts, the book includes chapters on bioeconomy principles, sustainability and normative aspects, as well as bioeconomy monitoring. |
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